Repercusiones de la dieta sobre la microbiota intestinal y la relación con efectos en la salud, eubiosis y disbiosis. Parte 3. Microbiota y enfermedades graves -medicina preventiva-, probióticos y prebióticos específicos

Autores/as

  • Salvador Negrete Lira Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios 301, 302 y 303 de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8074-8225
  • Rolando Salvador García-Gómez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios 301, 302 y 303 de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-9605
  • María del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios 301, 302 y 303 de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-908X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2026.34.1680

Palabras clave:

Microbiota intestinal, Ratas de la estirpe Wistar, Eubiosis, Disbiosis, Aditivos alimentarios, Sistema inmunológico, Desarrollo y funcionamiento del sistema inmune

Resumen

La salud es un tema importante para la vida de los seres humanos y hasta relativamente pocos años se ha encontrado que la microbiota intestinal o flora microbiana que simbióticamente coexiste con ellos tiene una estrecha relación con la dieta y la salud holística del Homo sapiens. Por cuestiones éticas las ratas de la estirpe Wistar ha sido desde hace más de un siglo el objeto de estudio y en esta breve revisión bibliográfica dividida en tres partes, el objetivo global fue buscar las posibles relaciones de la dieta desde el nacimiento hasta la senectud sobre la microbiota intestinal. En la primera parte se abordaron sus efectos en el sistema inmunológico y digestivo y se buscaron estudios sobre organismos carentes de microbiota u “organismos libres de gérmenes” (“germ free” en inglés) desde el punto de vista de la salud. En la segunda parte se dio particular importancia a los estudios sobre los efectos sobre la microbiota intestinal de los aditivos alimentarios por sus amplias aplicaciones en la industria alimentaria y bebidas no alcohólicas, así como sobre cambios fisiológicos, metabólicos o nutrimentales provocados por diversas enfermedades que afectan la salud del hospedero o anfitrión. En la tercera parte se buscaron también estudios sobre probióticos y prebióticos específicos que mejoren o mantengan la eubiosis (equilibrio en la microbiota) y se dan pautas para mejorarla a través de la medicina preventiva. Pudo constatarse en estos tres enfoques que, para la primera parte, la dieta repercute en el desarrollo completo del tracto gastrointestinal desde el momento de nacer, así como en el funcionamiento del sistema inmunológico. Los organismos carentes de microbiota u “organismos libres de gérmenes” (“germ free” en inglés) tienen problemas de salud a lo largo de su vida. En la segunda parte, los aditivos alimentarios como los edulcorantes y los conservadores demostraron tener efectos negativos sobre la microbiota intestinal. La disbiosis intestinal puede promover desregulaciones en el organismo provocando inflamaciones sistémicas, así como enfermedades autoinmunes o mal funcionamiento inmunitario. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se encontró que la inmunoregulación es de suma importancia para un sano funcionamiento del sistema inmune aún en individuos sanos mediante probióticos, prebióticos y alimentos especializados. Algunos estudios recomiendan que la medicina preventiva considere las relaciones entre la microbiota intestinal y el resto de los sistemas del hospedero (anfitrión).

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Citas del artículo Faustino-Rocha, A.I., Jota-Baptista, C., Nascimento-Gonçalves, E., Oliveira P.A. 2023. Evolution of models of prostate cancer: Their contribution to current therapies. Anticancer Research. 43(1): 323-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.16167 donde se plantearon como pregunta de investigación qué modelos están disponibles para el estudio y la solución deseable del cáncer.

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2026-05-11

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Negrete Lira, S., García-Gómez, R. S. ., & Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa, M. del C. . (2026). Repercusiones de la dieta sobre la microbiota intestinal y la relación con efectos en la salud, eubiosis y disbiosis. Parte 3. Microbiota y enfermedades graves -medicina preventiva-, probióticos y prebióticos específicos. RD-ICUAP, 12(34). https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2026.34.1680

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