Self-care and use of personal protective equipment in nursing professionals during COVID-19 in Peru

  • Nidia Elina Salazar-Ramírez Unidad de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Red Prestacional Lambayeque. EsSalud. Chiclayo, Perú
  • Mirtha Flor Cervera-Vallejos Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Chiclayo. Perú
Keywords: Self-care, Personal Protective Equipment, COVID-19, Biosecurity

Abstract

Introduction. The pandemic has been faced worldwide, mainly nursing, who stood out for being involved in the direct care of infected people 24 hours a day. However, these cares increased the risk of becoming infected and spreading the disease four times more, despite the use of personal protective equipment (UEPP) and their Professional Self-Care (AC). Objective. Determine the relationship between Self-Care and Use of Personal Protective Equipment by nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Hospital in Chiclayo, Peru. Methodology. Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design. The fixed population was made up of 226 nursing professionals (PE) who provide direct care for patients with COVID-19. Sampling was random and the sample was probabilistic consisting of n=67 PE. The information was collected through the survey technique and as an instrument the questionnaires on the AP and the UEPP, with a Likert scale, validated by experts and a pilot study. Results. there was a Pearson correlation of r=.469, with a significance level of p<.05, for the AC Professional and the UEPP. Conclusion. There is a positive and significant relationship between both variables.

Author Biographies

Nidia Elina Salazar-Ramírez, Unidad de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Red Prestacional Lambayeque. EsSalud. Chiclayo, Perú

Master's Degree in Health Services Management.

Mirtha Flor Cervera-Vallejos, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Chiclayo. Perú

Doctor of Nursing Science.

References

Badillo Goicoechea, E., Chang, T. H., Kim, E., LaRocca, S., Morris, K., Deng, X., Chiu, S., Bradford, A., Garcia, A., Kern, C., Cobb, C., Kreuter, F. & Stuart, E. A. (2021). Global trends and predictors of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 21, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12175-9

Barragan Cajusol, M. (2020). Autocuidado de las enfermeras durante el trabajo nocturno en un hospital público, Lambayeque, 2018 [Tesis de grado, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de
Mogroejo]. Repositorio de Tesis USAT. https://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12423/2411

Benavides, F. G. (2020). La salud de los trabajadores y la COVID-19. APRL Archivos de prevención de riesgos laborales, 23(2), 154-158. https://doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2020.23.02.02

Campo Torregrosa, Y., Quintero-Ramírez, N., Toncel, Y. ., Pérez-Anaya, O., Sánchez-García, Y., Puello- Viloria, Y. & Paredes Bermúdez, M. (2021). Estrategias para el control de los riesgos biológicos y accidentabilidad en el personal asistencial y administrativo en una clínica de tercer nivel de Santa Marta (Colombia). Revista Salud Uninorte, 37(2), 285–301. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.37.2.616.071%20

Casaux-Huertas, A. (2021). El precio de luchar contra la COVID-19. Enfermería Nefrológica, 24(2), 113-115. https://doi.org/10.37551/S2254-28842021011

Castañeda, R. F. G. & Hernández, Q. (2020). El cuidado de sí y la espiritualidad en tiempos de contingencia por Covid-19. Cogitare Enfermagem, 25, e73518, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/ce.v25i0.73518

Çelebi, G., Pişkin, N., Bekleviç, A. Ç., Altunay, Y., Keleş, A. S., Tüz, M. A., Altınsoy, B. & Hacıseyitoğlu, D. (2020). Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(10), 1225-1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.039

Chang, D., Xu, H., Rebaza, A., Sharma, L. & Dela Cruz, C. S. (2020). Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(3), e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30066-7

Chou, R., Dana, T., Buckley, D. I., Selph, S., Fu, R. & Totten, A. M. (2020). Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers: a living rapid review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(2), 120-136. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1632

Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J. & COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242), 1973-1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9

Colegio Médico de Chile & Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. (2020). Recomendaciones uso de Elementos de Protección Personal (EPP) para trabajadores de la salud. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 37(2), 106-110. https://www.revinf.cl/index.php/revinf/article/view/738/360

Díaz Vera, M. A. (2019). Conocimiento y cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad del personal de enfermería-servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes, 2019 [Tesis de grado, Universidad Señor de Sipán]. Repositorio Institucional USS. https://repositorio.uss.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12802/6972

Eyre, D. W., Lumley, S. F., O’Donnell, D., Campbell, M., Sims, E., Lawson, E., Warren, F., James, T., Cox, S., Howarth, A., Doherty, G., Hatch, S. B., Kavanagh, J., Chau, K. K., Fowler, P. W., Swann, J.,
Volk, D. Yang-Turner, F., Stoesser, N., Matthews, P. C., ... Walker, T. M. (2020). Differential occupational risks to healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 observed during a prospective observational study. Elife, 9, e60675, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60675

Fajardo-Zapata, Á. L., González Valencia, Y. L., Hernández Niño, J. F., Torres Pérez, M. L. & Hernández, H. A. (2019). Percepción del riesgo en el ámbito laboral. Documentos de trabajo ECISA, (1). https://doi.org/10.22490/ECISA.3203

Fisher, E. M. & Shaffer, R. E. (2014). Considerations for recommending extended use and limited reuse of filtering facepiece respirators in health care settings. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11(8), D115-D128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2014.9029544

Houghton, C., Meskell, P., Delaney, H., Smalle, M., Glenton, C., Booth, A., Chan, X.H.S., Devane, D. & Biesty, L. M. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013582

Jin, Y. H., Huang, Q., Wang, Y. Y., Zeng, X. T., Luo, L. S., Pan, Z. Y., Yuan, Y. F., Chen, Z. M., Cheng, Z. S., Huang, X., Wang, N., Li, B. H., Zi, H., Zhao, M. J., Ma, L. L., Deng, T., Wang, Y. & Wang, X. H. (2020). Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a crosssectional survey. Military Medical Research, 7(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8

Jones, N. K., Rivett, L., Sparkes, D., Forrest, S., Sridhar, S., Young, J., .Pereira-Dias, J., Cormie, C., Gill, H., Reynolds, N., Wantoch, M., Routledge, M., Warne, B., Levy, J., Córdova, W. D., Begum, F. N., McNicholas, C., Ferris, M., Gray, J., Gill, M., The CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration... & Weekes, M. P. (2020). Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between healthcare workers during a period of diminished community prevalence of COVID-19. Elife, 9, e59391, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59391

Keeley, A. J., Evans, C., Colton, H., Ankcorn, M., Cope, A., Bennett, T., Amy, S., Tracy, B., Prosenjit, G., de Silva, T. I. & Raza, M. (2020). Roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 testing for healthcare workers at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the United Kingdom, March 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(14), 2000433, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.14.2000433

Lombardi, A., Consonni, D., Carugno, M., Bozzi, G., Mangioni, D., Muscatello, A., Castelli, V., Palomba, E., Cantù, Ceriotti,, F., Tiso, B., Pesaroti, A. C., Riboldi, L., Bandera, A., Lunghi, G. & Gori, A. (2020). Characteristics of 1573 healthcare workers who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(10), 1413.e9-1413.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.013

Maguiña Vargas, C. (2020). Reflexiones sobre el COVID-19, el Colegio Médico del Perú y la Salud Pública. Acta Médica Peruana, 37(1), 8-10. https://amp.cmp.org.pe/index.php/AMP/article/view/929

Mahase, E. (2020). Covid-19: What is the evidence for cloth masks? The BMJ, 369, 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1422

Marriner, A. & Raile, M. (2011). Modelos y teorías de Enfermería (7ᵃ ed.) Elsevier.

Mera-Mamián, A., Delgado-Noguera, M. F., Merchán-Galvis, A., Cabra, G. & Calvache, J. A. (2020). Conocimientos y necesidades del personal de salud sobre elementos de protección personal durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el Cauca. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Cauca, 22(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.47373/rfcs.2020.v22.1581

Morderick, G. G., J. H. . E & T. G. O., M. P. F. (2020). El personal de salud como grupo de riesgo y su rol en la pandemia: análisis del brote de treinta y tres. Agencia del Gobierno Electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento, pp. 1-20.

Naranjo, H. Y., Concepción, P. J. A., Rodríguez, L. M. (2017). La teoría déficit de autocuidado: Dorothea Elizabeth Orem. Gaceta médica espirituana, 19(3), 1-11. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=77397

Orem, D. E. (1993). Modelo de Orem: Conceptos de enfermería en la práctica. Masson-Salvat.

Raraz-Vidal, G. J., Allpas-Gomez, H. L., Torres-Salome, F. K., Cabrera-Patiño, W. M., Alcántara-Leyva, L. M., Ramos-Gómez, R. P., Aldea-Chihuantito, F. K., Colona-Risco, V. & Raraz-Vidal, O. B. (2021). Condiciones laborales y equipos de protección personal contra el Covid-19 en personal de salud, Lima-Perú. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana, 21(2), 335-345. https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v21i2.3608

Resolución Ministerial N.° 456-2020-MINSA. (2 de julio de 2020). Norma Técnica de Salud N.° 161-MINSA/2020/DGAIN, “Norma técnica de Salud para uso de los equipos de protección personal en los trabajadores de las empresas prestadoras de servicios de salud”, Lima, Perú. Plataforma digital única del estado peruano. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/783241-456-2020-minsa

Ruiz-Aquino, M. M., Díaz-Lazo, A., Ortiz-Aguí, M. L. & Villar-Carbajal, E. I. (2021). Conductas de autocuidado frente a la prevención del contagio de la COVID-19 en pobladores peruanos. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, 36(4), e1708, 1-13. https://revmgi.sld.cu/index.php/mgi/article/view/1708

Sánchez Flecha, S. & Pitta, N. M (2020). Efectos por uso prolongado del EPI en profesionales de enfermería ante COVID 19. Hospitales de contingencia respiratoria. Departamento Central-Paraguay 2020. AcademicDisclosure, 1(1), 24–39. https://revistascientificas.una.py/index.php/rfenob/article/view/104/104

Silva R. M. da., Beck, C. L. C., Magnago, T. S. B. S., Carmagnani, M. I. S., Tavares, J. P. & Prestes, F. C. (2011). Trabalho noturno e a repercussão na saúde dos enfermeiros/Night shift and the repercussion in nurses’ health. Esc Anna Nery, 15(2), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-81452011000200008

Uribe-Tohá, M. Á., León-Pino, J. M. & Grupo para el estudio de Autocuidado. (2022). Nivel de agencia de autocuidado de enfermeros chilenos durante el contexto pandemia de Covid-19. Index de Enfermería, 31(3), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20225148

Villarreal Mueses, P. G. (2019). Uso del equipo de protección personal en atención pre hospitalaria en el servicio de ambulancias del cantón Montúfar–Carchi [Tesis de Grado, Universidad Técnica del Norte]. Repositorio Digital Universidad Técnica del Norte. http://repositorio.utn.edu.ec/handle/123456789/9968

World Health Organization [WHO/OMS]. (3 de marzo de 2020). La escasez de equipos de protección personal pone en peligro al personal sanitario en todo el mundo [Comunicado de prensa]. https://www.who.int/es/news/item/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide

Yu, H., Han, X. & Zhao, G. (2020). Aspectos importantes de prevención del personal sanitario en los hospitales durante la epidemia del nuevo coronavirus 2019. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 94(1), e202007080, e1-7. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/RESP/article/view/83339

Zhou, Y., Zhang, D., Chen, Y., Zhou, S., Pan, S., Huang, Y. & Ba-Thein, W. (2014). Healthcare-associated infections and Shanghai clinicians: a multicenter cross-sectional study. PloS one, 9(8), e105838, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105838
Published
2023-06-01
How to Cite
Salazar-Ramírez, N. E., & Cervera-Vallejos, M. F. (2023). Self-care and use of personal protective equipment in nursing professionals during COVID-19 in Peru. Cuidado Multidisciplinario De La Salud BUAP, 4(8), 8-22. Retrieved from http://rd.buap.mx/ojs-dm/index.php/cmsj/article/view/1086