Articles
Chapulines and Food consumption
OUTER MEMBRANE VESICLE VACCINES: THE FUTURE OF VACCINES?
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Abstract
Preventing the spread of disease, whether by viral or bacterial pathogens, involves protecting
billions of people and subsequent factors in the process. Vaccination is undoubtedly the most
effective way to achieve this. Many countries prioritize vaccination campaigns for the public
health well-being of their inhabitants. Vaccine development has been based on 4 main types,
whose response is effective for many diseases; however, some of them have shown to have
limitations for certain clinical conditions. Therefore, the identification of new candidates for
vaccine development has attracted the attention of many research groups. According to the
humoral and cellular immune response induced by a vaccine, its effectiveness against a disease
is measured. Microvesicles (MVs) are nanometer-sized vesicles that are secreted into the extracellular
space, whose contents consist of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA
and RNA) and other metabolites. This conformation can be used as a vehicle to transport antigens
and immunogenic molecules directly to target cells. A vaccine for the multidrug-resistant
bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae has already been developed using outer membrane vesicles
(OMVs), whose immune response was promising. In this review, we will study the participation of
microvesicles secreted by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of different isolates, the
pathogenicity processes in which they participate, their usefulness in the transport of immunogenic
molecules and their effectiveness as vaccine components against multidrug-resistant
bacteria.
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