Ir al menú de navegación principal Ir al contenido principal Ir al pie de página del sitio

Artículos

Año 6 No. 17 Mayo - Agosto 2020

Antioxidantes provenientes del amaranto con capacidades nutraceúticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares

DOI
https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2020.17.212
Enviado
octubre 1, 2020
Publicado
mayo 15, 2020

Resumen

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son un problema de salud recurrente en México, además, varios factores pueden desencadenar estas patologías. Estudios observacionales y experimentales establecen una correlación entre los compuestos oxidantes y la progresión de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El mecanismo de defensa contra la oxidación involucra factores exógenos como la dieta. Las especies del género Amaranthus tienen varios compuestos con capacidad antioxidante, en este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los principales compuestos antioxidantes del amaranto y se analiza la posibilidad de crear un alimento nutraceútico para prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Citas

  1. Acevedo, O.G., Hernández, J.R., Hernández, D.G., Campos, C.I., & Lucio, G.P. (2018). Atole de amaranto y su efecto potencial sobre la composición corporal de adultas mayores.
  2. Arctos. (2019). Taxonomy Details: Amaranthus. Recuperado el 11 de noviembre de 2019, de https://arctos.database.museum/name/Amaranthus#classifications
  3. Ascaso, J. . (2000). Antioxidantes y enfermedaded cardiovasculares | Endocrinología y Nutrición. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición, 47(7), 191–196. Recuperado de https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-endocrinologia-nutricion-12-articulo-antioxidantes-enfermedaded-cardiovasculares-12571
  4. Ayala, A., Muñoz, M. F., & Argüelles, S. (2014). Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/360438
  5. Booth, S., Bressani, R., & Johns, T. (1992). Nutrient content of selected indigenous leafy vegetables consumed by the Kekchi people of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(92)90005-5
  6. Cai, H., & Harrison, D. G. (2000, noviembre 10). Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress. Circulation Research, Vol. 87, pp. 840–844. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840
  7. Catapano, A. L., Reiner, Ž., De Backer, G., Graham, I., Taskinen, M. R., Wiklund, O., … Wood, D. (2011). ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis, 217(1), 3–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.028
  8. Cines, D. B., Pollak, E. S., Buck, C. A., Loscalzo, J., Zimmerman, G. A., McEver, R. P., … Stern, D. M. (1998, mayo 15). Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders. Blood, Vol. 91, pp. 3527–3561. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V91.10.3527.3527_3527_3561
  9. Colchero, M. A., Popkin, B. M., Rivera, J. A., & Ng, S. W. (2016). Beverage purchases from stores in Mexico under the excise tax on sugar sweetened beverages: Observational study. BMJ (Online), 352. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6704
  10. Dale, C. E., Fatemifar, G., Palmer, T. M., White, J., Prieto-Merino, D., Zabaneh, D., … Casas, J. P. (2017). Causal Associations of Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution With Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke Subtypes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Circulation, 135(24), 2373–2388. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026560
  11. Das, S. (2016). Future Prospects in Amaranth Research. En Amaranthus: A Promising Crop of Future (pp. 167–172). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1469-7_11
  12. de la Rosa, A. P. B., Paredes-LÓpez, O., Gueguen, J., & Viroben, G. (1992). Fractionation Procedures, Electrophoretic Characterization, and Amino Acid Composition of Amaranth Seed Proteins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(6), 931–936. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00018a002
  13. FAO. (2019). Cultivos Andinos FAO - ORIGEN Y BOTANICA DE LA ESPECIE. Recuperado el 11 de noviembre de 2019, de http://www.fao.org/tempref/GI/Reserved/FTP_FaoRlc/old/prior/segalim/prodalim/prodveg/cdrom/contenido/libro01/Cap2.htm#Orig
  14. Gins, M. S., Gins, V. K., Pivovarov, V. F., & Kononkov, P. F. (2016). Biologically active compounds with antioxidant activity in the amaranth red leaves’ extract. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 42(6), 420–422. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367416060070
  15. Goszcz, K., Deakin, S. J., Duthie, G. G., Stewart, D., Leslie, S. J., & Megson, I. L. (2015). Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Therapy: Panacea or False Hope? Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2015.00029
  16. Gryglewski, R. J., Palmer, R. M. J., & Moncada, S. (1986). Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. Nature, 320(6061), 454–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/320454a0
  17. Guthrie, Amy; Esterl, M. (2016). Soda Sales in Mexico Rise Despite Tax | RealClearPolicy. Recuperado de https://www.realclearpolicy.com/2016/05/06/soda_sales_in_mexico_rise_despite_tax_30866.html
  18. Gyimes, Z., Pavlik, G., & Simor, T. (2004). Morphological and functional differences in cardiac parameters between power and endurance athletes: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 91(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhysiol.91.2004.1.3
  19. Hlinková, A., Bednárová, A., Havrlentová, M., Šupová, J., & Čičová, I. (2013). Evaluation of fatty acid composition among selected amaranth grains grown in two consecutive years. Section Cellular and Molecular Biology, 68, 641–650. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0190-6
  20. Huerta-Ocampo, J. A., & Barba de la Rosa, A. P. (2011). Amaranth: A Pseudo-Cereal with Nutraceutical Properties. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 7(1), 1–9. Recuperado de https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cnf/2011/00000007/00000001/art00001
  21. Kalra, E. K. (2003). Nutraceutical - Definition and introduction. AAPS Journal, 5(3), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1208/ps050325
  22. Kaplan, M., & Aviram, M. (1999). Oxidized low density lipoprotein: Atherogenic and proinflammatory characteristics during macrophage foam cell formation. An inhibitory role for nutritional antioxidants and serum paraoxonase. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 37, pp. 777–787. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.1999.118
  23. Lehmann, J. W., Putnam, D. H., & Qureshi, A. A. (1994). Vitamin E isomers in grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.). Lipids, 29(3), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536726
  24. López-Mejía, O. A., López-Malo, A., & Palou, E. (2014). Antioxidant capacity of extracts from amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) seeds or leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 53, 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.12.017
  25. Marcone, M. F., Kakuda, Y., & Yada, R. Y. (2003). Amaranth as a rich dietary source of beta-sitosterol and other phytosterols. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 58(3), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:qual.0000040334.99070.3e
  26. Moriel, P., Okawabata, F., & Abdalla, D. (1999). Oxidized Lipoproteins in Blood Plasma: Possible Marker of Atherosclerosis Progression. IUBMB Life, 48(4), 413–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/713803534
  27. Nasri, H., Baradaran, A., Shirzad, H., & Kopaei, M. R. (2014). New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1487–1499.
  28. National Health Service. (2019). Cardiovascular disease - NHS. Recuperado el 10 de noviembre de 2019, de Cardiovascular disease - NHS website: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/
  29. Navab, M., Berliner, J. A., Watson, A. D., Hama, S. Y., Territo, M. C., Lusis, A. J., … Fogelman, A. M. (1996). The Yin and Yang of oxidation in the development of the fatty streak. A review based on the 1994 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 16(7), 831–842. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.16.7.831
  30. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. (2019). Health and Glance 2019. Recuperado de https://www.eib.org/attachments/general/the_eib_at_a_glance_en.pdf
  31. Paredes-Lopez, O., & Schnetzler, K. A. (2018). Food uses and Amaranth Product Research: A Comprehensive Review. En Amaranth Biology, Chemistry, and Technology (pp. 155–184). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351069601-9
  32. Perales-Sánchez, J. X. K., Reyes-Moreno, C., Gómez-Favela, M. A., Milán-Carrillo, J., Cuevas-Rodríguez, E. O., Valdez-Ortiz, A., & Gutiérrez-Dorado, R. (2014). Increasing the Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents by Optimizing the Germination Conditions of Amaranth Seeds. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 69(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-014-0430-0
  33. Pineda, E., Gaona, P., Gómez, I. M., & Levy, T. S. (2016). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016 (ENSANUT 2016) Informe final de resultados (Vol. 2016).
  34. Pryor, W. A. (2000, enero). Vitamin E and heart disease: Basic science to clinical intervention trials. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 28, pp. 141–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00224-5
  35. Quinn, M. T., Parthasarathy, S., & Steinberg, D. (1988). Lysophosphatidylcholine: A chemotactic factor for human monocytes and its potential role in atherogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85(8), 2805–2809. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.8.2805
  36. Ríos-Hoyo, A., Romo-Araiza, A., Meneses-Mayo, M., & Gutiérrez-Salmeán, G. (2017). Prehispanic functional foods and nutraceuticals in the treatment of dyslipidemia associated to cardiovascular disease: A mini-review. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 87(1–2), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000290
  37. Smith, I. F. (2007). AFRICAN LEAFY VEGETABLES: THEIR ROLE IN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S GLOBAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLES INITIATIVE. 7(3), 1–17.
  38. Stevens, J., Cai, J., Pamuk, E. R., Williamson, D. F., Thun, M. J., & Wood, J. L. (1998). The effect of age on the association between body-mass index and mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 338(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199801013380101
  39. Su, Q., Rowley, K. G., Itsiopoulos, C., & O’Dea, K. (2002). Identification and quantification of major carotenoids in selected components of the Mediterranean diet: Green leafy vegetables, figs and olive oil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56(11), 1149–1154. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601472
  40. Svobodová, A., Psotová, J., & Walterová, D. (2003). Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. A review. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, Vol. 147, pp. 137–145. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2003.019
  41. Tang, Y., Li, X., Chen, P. X., Zhang, B., Liu, R., Hernandez, M., … Tsao, R. (2016). Assessing the fatty acid, carotenoid, and tocopherol compositions of amaranth and quinoa seeds grown in Ontario and their overall contribution to nutritional quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(5), 1103–1110. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05414
  42. Télessy, I. G. (2019). Nutraceuticals. En The Role of Functional Food Security in Global Health (pp. 409–421). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813148-0.00024-4
  43. Undersander, D. J., Smith, L. H., Kaminski, A. R., Kelling, K. A., & Doll, J. . D. (1990). Alternative Field Crops Manual: Forage Sorghum. Alternative Field Crops Manual.
  44. WHO. (2015). OMS | ¿Qué son las enfermedades cardiovasculares?
  45. World Health Organization. (2016). Global Report on Diabetes. En World Health Organization (Vol. 978). Recuperado de http://www.who.int/about/licensing/
  46. World Health Organization. (2019). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recuperado el 10 de noviembre de 2019, de https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
  47. Yao, S., Agyei, D., & Udenigwe, C. C. (2018). Structural Basis of Bioactivity of Food Peptides in Promoting Metabolic Health. En Advances in Food and Nutrition Research (Vol. 84, pp. 145–181). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.002