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Biophotonics is a newly created science that uses photons (light) for the study of biological systems. Nanostructured materials applied in biophotonics have allowed non-invasive medical treatments to be studied to describe how organic processes are affected by light and to diagnose and treat a number of diseases. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which new sciences and technologies have been combined to generate innovative insights that have an impact on people ́s health.