DESCIFRANDO LA FORMA DE LA VIDA: DEL MODELADO POR HOMOLOGÍA A LA REVOLUCIÓN DE ALPHAFOLD

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2026.35.1729

Palabras clave:

AlphaFold, Proteinas, Enzimas, Modelado por homología

Resumen

El presente artículo presenta la herramienta AlphaFold, una innovación de DeepMind que ha transformado la predicción de estructuras de proteínas mediante inteligencia artificial. Tradicionalmente, determinar la conformación tridimensional de una proteína solía depender de técnicas experimentales complejas, costosas y lentas como cristalografía de rayos X, resonancia magnética nuclear o criomicroscopía electrónica. Aunque el modelado por homología aportó avances, no podía abarcar la enorme cantidad de secuencias disponibles. AlphaFold revolucionó este campo al predecir estructuras directamente a partir de la secuencia de aminoácidos con una precisión comparable a métodos experimentales, generando más de 200 millones de modelos y superando por mucho las 245 mil estructuras del Protein Data Bank en 2025. Su impacto en la biomedicina ya es evidente: permitió identificar dominios funcionales en proteínas de Plasmodium falciparum, abriendo nuevas vías contra la malaria, y facilitó el estudio de interacciones de la proteína Ras, relevante en múltiples cánceres. Por esta revolución científica, Hassabis, Jumper y Baker recibieron el Premio Nobel de Química 2024. AlphaFold ha acelerado el diseño de fármacos, la ingeniería de proteínas y la comprensión molecular de enfermedades, consolidando a la inteligencia artificial como un pilar central de la biología estructural moderna.

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Publicado

2026-09-16

Cómo citar

Salazar Hernández, M. A. ., Núñez Abrech, N. ., & Lozano Aponte, J. . (2026). DESCIFRANDO LA FORMA DE LA VIDA: DEL MODELADO POR HOMOLOGÍA A LA REVOLUCIÓN DE ALPHAFOLD. RD-ICUAP, 12(35). https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2026.35.1729