OSOS ACTUALES: ORÍGENES, SISTEMÁTICA Y EVOLUCIÓN, CON ÉNFASIS EN SU DISTRIBUCIÓN POR NORTEAMÉRICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2024.30.1426Palabras clave:
osos de las cavernas, osos de cara corta, paleofauna, Ursinae, Pleistoceno.Resumen
Dentro de la línea evolutiva de mamíferos carnívoros, los osos representan a un linaje relativamente temprano, aunque no tan diverso con respecto a otros grupos con los que están cercanamente emparentados. A pesar de que la diversidad actual de estos animales se puede considerar relativamente reducida, el registro fósil ha evidenciado la presencia de múltiples linajes de osos que, en el pasado, habitaron el planeta y ocuparon una variedad de nichos ecológicos significativa, lo cual dio lugar a la aparición de especies con formas y tamaños muy particulares. Se presenta una revisión de la biodiversidad de úrsidos conocidos en la actualidad con base en sus relaciones de parentesco, con el objetivo de otorgar un panorama general para contribuir a la posibilidad de apoyar en la evaluación de su estado de conservación actual, puesto que son animales que tienden a ser animales muy amenazados por las actividades humanas.
Citas
Abella, J., Alba, D. M., Robles, J. M., Valenciano, A., Rotgers, C., Carmona, R., Montoya, P., y Morales, J. (2012). Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade. PLoS One. 7(11): e48985. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048985
Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Johnson, E., Graham, R. W., y Pérez-Crespo, V. A. (2016). North American ursid (Mammalia: Ursidae) defaunation from Pleistocene to recent. Cranium. 33(1): 51-56.
Bocherens, H., Stiller, M., Hobson, K. A., Pacher, M., Rabeder, G., Burns, J. A., Tütken, T., Hofreiter, M. (2011). Niche partitioning between two sympatric genetically distinct cave bears (Ursus spelaeus and Ursus ingressus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Austria: isotopic evidence from fossil bones. Quaternary International. 245(2): 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.020
Cabrales, J. A., y Johnson, E. (2003). Catálogo de los ejemplares tipo procedentes de la Cueva de San Josecito, Nuevo León, México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 20(1): 79-93. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57220106
Dalquest, W. W., y Mooser, O. (1980). Arctodus pristinus Leidy in the Pleistocene of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy. 61(4): 724-725. https://doi.org/10.2307/1380320
Delfín-Alfonso, C. A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A., y Equihua, M. (2012). Potential distribution of American black bears in northwest Mexico and implications for their conservation. Ursus. 23(1): 65-77. https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00007.1
De Bonis, L. (2012). Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the “Phosphorites du Quercy” (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862. Geodiversitas. 35(4): 787-814. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2013n4a4
Dhamorikar, A. H., Mehta, P., Bargali, H., y Gore, K. (2017). Characteristics of human-sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) encounters and the resulting human casualties in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, India. PLoS One. 12(4): e0176612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176612
Hailer, F., Kutschera, V. E., Hallström, B. M., Klassert, D., Fain, S. R., Leonard, J. A., Arnason, U., y Janke, A. (2012). Nuclear genomic sequences reveal that polar bears are an old and distinct bear lineage. Science. 336(6079): 344-347. DOI: 10.1126/science.1216424
Hassanin, A., Veron, G., Ropiquet, A., Jansen van Vuuren, B., Lécu, A., Goodman, S. M., Haider, J., y Nguyen, T. T. (2021). Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes. PLoS One. 16(2): e0240770. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240770
Jiangzuo, Q., Flynn, J. J., Wang, S., Hou, S., Deng, T. (2023). New Fossil Giant Panda Relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): A Basal Lineage of Gigantic Mio-Pliocene Cursorial Carnivores. American Museum Novitates. 2023(3996): 1-71. https://doi.org/10.1206/3996.1
Knapp, M., Rohland, N., Weinstock, J., Baryshnikov, G., Sher, A., Nagel, D., Rabeder, G., Pinhasi, R., Schmidt, H. A., Hofreiter, M. (2009). First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergences and complex phylogeographic patterns. Molecular ecology. 18(6): 1225-1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04088.x
Krause, J., Unger, T., Noçon, A., Malaspinas, A. S., Kolokotronis, S. O., Stiller, M., Soibelzon, L., Spriggs, H., Dear, P. H., Briggs, A. W., Bray, S. C. E., O’Brien, S. J., Rabeder, G., Matheus, P., Cooper, A., Slatkin, M., Pääbo, S., y Hofreiter, M. (2008). Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220
Kumar, V., Lammers, F., Bidon, T., Pfenninger, M., Kolter, L., Nilsson, M. A., y Janke, A. (2017). The evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 46487. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46487
Lindsay, E. H. (1984). Late Cenozoic mammals from northwestern Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 4(2): 208-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1984.10012004
McDonald, H. G., y Carranza-Castañeda, O. (2017). Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from the Hemphillian (late Miocene) of Jalisco, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology. 91(5): 1069-1082. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.45
McLellan, B., y Reiner, D. C. (1994). A review of bear evolution. Bears: Their Biology and Management, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3872687
Miller, W. E., y Carranza-Castaóeda, O. (1996). Agriotherium schneideri from the Hemphillian of Central Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy. 77(2): 568-577. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382830
Mitchell, K.J., Bray, S. C., Bover, P., Soibelzon, L., Schubert, B. W., Prevosti, F., Prieto, A., Martin, F., Austin, J. J., y Cooper, A. (2016). Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America. Biology letters. 12(4): 20160062. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062
Mooser, O., y Dalquest, W. W. (1975). Pleistocene mammals from Aguascalientes, central Mexico. Journal of mammalogy. 56(4): 781-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/1379653
Pérez-Crespo, V. A., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Morales-Puente, P., Cienfuegos-Alvarado, E., y Otero, F. J. (2016). Carbon and oxygen isotopic values for a short faced bear individual (Arctodus simus) from Cedral, San Luis Potosí, México. Cranium. 33(1): 57-61.
Puri, M., Srivathsa, A., Karanth, K. K., Kumar, N. S., y Karanth, K. U. (2015). Multiscale distribution models for conserving widespread species: the case of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in India. Diversity and Distributions. 21(9): 1087-1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12335
Schwarzenberger, F., Fredriksson, G., Schaller, K., y Kolter, L. (2004). Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). Theriogenology. 62(9): 1677-1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.03.007
Soibelzon, L. H., y Schubert, B. W. (2011). The largest known bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the early Pleistocene Pampean region of Argentina: with a discussion of size and diet trends in bears. Journal of Paleontology. 85(1): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1666/10-037.1
Solé, F., Smith, T., De Bast, E., Codrea, V., y Gheerbrant, E. (2016). New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36(2), e1082480. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480
Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Johnson, E., Graham, R. W., y Pérez-Crespo, V. A. (2016). North American ursid (Mammalia: Ursidae) defaunation from Pleistocene to recent. Cranium. 33(1): 51-56.
Bocherens, H., Stiller, M., Hobson, K. A., Pacher, M., Rabeder, G., Burns, J. A., Tütken, T., Hofreiter, M. (2011). Niche partitioning between two sympatric genetically distinct cave bears (Ursus spelaeus and Ursus ingressus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Austria: isotopic evidence from fossil bones. Quaternary International. 245(2): 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.020
Cabrales, J. A., y Johnson, E. (2003). Catálogo de los ejemplares tipo procedentes de la Cueva de San Josecito, Nuevo León, México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 20(1): 79-93. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57220106
Dalquest, W. W., y Mooser, O. (1980). Arctodus pristinus Leidy in the Pleistocene of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy. 61(4): 724-725. https://doi.org/10.2307/1380320
Delfín-Alfonso, C. A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A., y Equihua, M. (2012). Potential distribution of American black bears in northwest Mexico and implications for their conservation. Ursus. 23(1): 65-77. https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00007.1
De Bonis, L. (2012). Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the “Phosphorites du Quercy” (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862. Geodiversitas. 35(4): 787-814. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2013n4a4
Dhamorikar, A. H., Mehta, P., Bargali, H., y Gore, K. (2017). Characteristics of human-sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) encounters and the resulting human casualties in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, India. PLoS One. 12(4): e0176612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176612
Hailer, F., Kutschera, V. E., Hallström, B. M., Klassert, D., Fain, S. R., Leonard, J. A., Arnason, U., y Janke, A. (2012). Nuclear genomic sequences reveal that polar bears are an old and distinct bear lineage. Science. 336(6079): 344-347. DOI: 10.1126/science.1216424
Hassanin, A., Veron, G., Ropiquet, A., Jansen van Vuuren, B., Lécu, A., Goodman, S. M., Haider, J., y Nguyen, T. T. (2021). Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes. PLoS One. 16(2): e0240770. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240770
Jiangzuo, Q., Flynn, J. J., Wang, S., Hou, S., Deng, T. (2023). New Fossil Giant Panda Relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): A Basal Lineage of Gigantic Mio-Pliocene Cursorial Carnivores. American Museum Novitates. 2023(3996): 1-71. https://doi.org/10.1206/3996.1
Knapp, M., Rohland, N., Weinstock, J., Baryshnikov, G., Sher, A., Nagel, D., Rabeder, G., Pinhasi, R., Schmidt, H. A., Hofreiter, M. (2009). First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergences and complex phylogeographic patterns. Molecular ecology. 18(6): 1225-1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04088.x
Krause, J., Unger, T., Noçon, A., Malaspinas, A. S., Kolokotronis, S. O., Stiller, M., Soibelzon, L., Spriggs, H., Dear, P. H., Briggs, A. W., Bray, S. C. E., O’Brien, S. J., Rabeder, G., Matheus, P., Cooper, A., Slatkin, M., Pääbo, S., y Hofreiter, M. (2008). Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220
Kumar, V., Lammers, F., Bidon, T., Pfenninger, M., Kolter, L., Nilsson, M. A., y Janke, A. (2017). The evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 46487. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46487
Lindsay, E. H. (1984). Late Cenozoic mammals from northwestern Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 4(2): 208-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1984.10012004
McDonald, H. G., y Carranza-Castañeda, O. (2017). Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from the Hemphillian (late Miocene) of Jalisco, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology. 91(5): 1069-1082. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.45
McLellan, B., y Reiner, D. C. (1994). A review of bear evolution. Bears: Their Biology and Management, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3872687
Miller, W. E., y Carranza-Castaóeda, O. (1996). Agriotherium schneideri from the Hemphillian of Central Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy. 77(2): 568-577. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382830
Mitchell, K.J., Bray, S. C., Bover, P., Soibelzon, L., Schubert, B. W., Prevosti, F., Prieto, A., Martin, F., Austin, J. J., y Cooper, A. (2016). Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America. Biology letters. 12(4): 20160062. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062
Mooser, O., y Dalquest, W. W. (1975). Pleistocene mammals from Aguascalientes, central Mexico. Journal of mammalogy. 56(4): 781-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/1379653
Pérez-Crespo, V. A., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Morales-Puente, P., Cienfuegos-Alvarado, E., y Otero, F. J. (2016). Carbon and oxygen isotopic values for a short faced bear individual (Arctodus simus) from Cedral, San Luis Potosí, México. Cranium. 33(1): 57-61.
Puri, M., Srivathsa, A., Karanth, K. K., Kumar, N. S., y Karanth, K. U. (2015). Multiscale distribution models for conserving widespread species: the case of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in India. Diversity and Distributions. 21(9): 1087-1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12335
Schwarzenberger, F., Fredriksson, G., Schaller, K., y Kolter, L. (2004). Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). Theriogenology. 62(9): 1677-1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.03.007
Soibelzon, L. H., y Schubert, B. W. (2011). The largest known bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the early Pleistocene Pampean region of Argentina: with a discussion of size and diet trends in bears. Journal of Paleontology. 85(1): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1666/10-037.1
Solé, F., Smith, T., De Bast, E., Codrea, V., y Gheerbrant, E. (2016). New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36(2), e1082480. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480
Descargas
Publicado
2024-09-25
Cómo citar
Tapia García, L. F. ., & Sandoval Ortega, M. H. . (2024). OSOS ACTUALES: ORÍGENES, SISTEMÁTICA Y EVOLUCIÓN, CON ÉNFASIS EN SU DISTRIBUCIÓN POR NORTEAMÉRICA. RD-ICUAP, 10(30), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2024.30.1426
Número
Sección
Artículos
Licencia
Definir aviso de derechos.
Los datos de este artículo, así como los detalles técnicos para la realización del experimento, se pueden compartir a solicitud directa con el autor de correspondencia.
Los datos personales facilitados por los autores a RD-ICUAP se usarán exclusivamente para los fines declarados por la misma, no estando disponibles para ningún otro propósito ni proporcionados a terceros.
