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Artículos

Año 8 No. 23 Mayo - Agosto 2022

Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pneumoniae: INFECCIONES NOSOCOMIALES QUE REPRESENTAN UNA AMENAZA APREMIANTE PARA LA SALUD PÚBLICA

DOI
https://doi.org/10.32399/icuap.rdic.2448-5829.2022.23.814
Enviado
junio 19, 2022
Publicado
junio 20, 2022

Resumen

Los antibióticos son un grupo de medicamentos que son utilizados para el control de infecciones causadas por bacterias y parásitos. La resistencia a los antibióticos es originada por un mal uso en el tratamiento de las infecciones, y se produce cuando los microorganismos logran adaptarse y crecer en presencia de medicamentos que alguna vez los impactaron. El débil control en la utilización de estos agentes ha propiciado que en la naturaleza se distribuyan organismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos prescritos popularmente, lo cual se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. La infección por microorganismos resistentes a diferentes compuestos antimicrobianos conduce a enfermedades graves, ingresos hospitalarios prolongados, aumento en los costos de atención médica y en medicamentos de segunda línea, y fracasos en los tratamientos. Uno de los patógenos del cual se ha descrito una alta incidencia en infecciones nosocomiales, identificado como multidrogorresistentes, de mal pronóstico en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, es Staphylococcus aureus, el cual se caracteriza por ser la principal causa de bacteriemia nosocomial. Otro de los principales patógenos responsables de muchos de los casos de neumonía reportados en niños y adultos es Streptococcus pneumoniae. La información sobre los diferentes mecanismos de resistencia permite recalcar la urgencia e importancia de encontrar nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para combatir las infecciones nosocomiales. La generación y propagación de cepas multidrogorresistentes debe prevenirse mediante restricciones severas en el uso de los antibióticos, respetando la prescripción, incluyendo el número de dosis y el periodo de tiempo de su ingesta, así como evitando la automedicación. 

Palabras clave

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, multidrogorresistencia, bacteria, antibiótico

 

Citas

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